Blog | Lunr Capital

What Are Loans For Inventory, and Why Are They Popular for CPG Brands

Written by The Lunr Team | Nov 13, 2024 1:43:15 AM

Major retail expansion, rapid growth opportunities, and increasing production demands all share a common challenge: the need for significant capital to fund inventory. For CPG brands, this capital requirement often comes at crucial moments of growth when traditional financing solutions may be insufficient or inaccessible.

With the rise of alternative financing channels, brands are increasingly turning to inventory-based solutions to bridge funding gaps. By leveraging purchase orders, brands can access the working capital needed to scale operations without diluting equity or disrupting cash flow. This is particularly valuable for CPG brands, where managing the balance between inventory investments and growth opportunities requires precise timing and flexible capital solutions.

Understanding Inventory Financing

Inventory financing lets brands use their product inventory as collateral to secure working capital. Unlike traditional loans that focus on credit history or revenue, inventory collateral is evaluated to determine lending terms. Think of it like unlocking the capital that's tied up in your product before it’s sold.

How It Works:

  1. Initial Setup: Brand enters agreement with financing partner
  2. Direct Payment: Lender pays manufacturers directly for inventory
  3. Inventory Delivery: Manufacturers ship products to fulfill orders
  4. Sales Process: Brand sells inventory through retail channels
  5. Repayment: Brand (or merchant) repays financing partner as sales occur


ECRM

This cycle can continue with new inventory purchases, creating an ongoing funding solution for growth.

For CPG brands, this creates a powerful funding tool. When a big box retailer sends you a major purchase order, you're not limited by the cash in your bank account. Instead, your inventory itself provides the backing for the capital you need when dealing with common capital demands:

  1. Meeting manufacturer minimum order quantities while maintaining retail stock levels
  2. Managing 90-120 day gaps between production payments and retail receivables
  3. Responding quickly to new retail opportunities or seasonal demands

By converting inventory into immediate working capital, this financing method directly addresses these industry-specific challenges.

Types of Inventory Financing

Not all inventory financing options are created equal. Each type serves specific business needs and comes with its own structure. Here's what you need to know about the main options available to CPG brands:

Inventory Loans

These are your traditional one-time loans secured by your inventory. You receive a lump sum based on your inventory's value and repay it over a fixed term. They work best when you need to make a single large inventory purchase – like stocking up for a major product launch or taking advantage of supplier volume discounts.

Inventory Line of Credit

Think of this as a more flexible version of inventory financing. Instead of a one-time loan, you get a revolving credit line that adjusts with your inventory levels. You can draw funds as needed and repay as you sell through inventory. This option shines when dealing with seasonal demands or variable production schedules.

Working with a credit line means you only pay interest on what you actually use. This flexibility makes it particularly valuable for brands with consistent but fluctuating inventory needs.

Working Capital Loans

These loans take a broader view of your business's needs. While they can be used for inventory, they're not exclusively tied to it. Working capital loans consider your overall business health and provide funds that can cover various operational expenses alongside inventory purchases.

They're especially useful when you need to:

  • Fund inventory while covering other growth expenses
  • Bridge seasonal revenue gaps
  • Scale operations across multiple areas simultaneously

Cash Advances

Cash advances provide quick access to capital based on your future sales projections. While they can help with immediate inventory needs, they typically come with higher costs than other options. Best reserved for situations where:

  • You need funding faster than traditional options allow
  • Other financing types aren't accessible
  • The immediate opportunity outweighs the higher cost

Benefits and Trade-offs of Inventory Financing

Understanding the full scope of inventory financing - both its advantages and limitations - is crucial for making informed funding decisions. The impact on a growing CPG brand can be significant, extending far beyond simple access to capital.

Benefits for Brands

Inventory financing can transform how brands manage growth opportunities to the point of being a competitive advantage. The most immediate impact comes from financing inventory efficiently – instead of tying up your capital in stock, you can use those funds for marketing, team expansion, or other growth initiatives, depending on the type of loan.

This purchasing power creates significant competitive advantages across CPG operations to:

  • Negotiate better supplier terms through larger order commitments
  • Scale production to meet major retailer demands
  • Maintain optimal stock levels across sales channels
  • React quickly to market opportunities

Understanding the Trade-offs

While inventory financing offers clear benefits, it's not without costs. The most obvious is the expense – interest rates and fees are typically higher than traditional bank loans. This makes sense, given the specialized nature of the financing, but it needs to be factored into your margins.

You'll also need to consider:

  • The risk of using inventory as collateral - defaulting means potentially losing your stock
  • Regular reporting requirements and inventory management oversight
  • The impact of inventory that moves slower than expected or becomes obsolete

Some brands find the collateral requirements challenging, especially when starting out. Lenders often want first position on your inventory, which can limit other financing options. Plus, if your inventory includes perishable items or products with short trend cycles, lenders may value it more conservatively.

Key Considerations When Applying for Inventory Loans

The success of inventory financing heavily depends on preparation and understanding core requirements. Before starting the application process, several key areas deserve attention.

  • Business needs must align with financing terms: Start by assessing your fundamentals - most successful inventory financing arrangements involve healthy product margins (typically 20%+ gross margin), established revenue history, and concrete retail commitments. This baseline helps match the right type of inventory financing to actual business requirements.
  • Risk assessment is equally important: Consider market volatility in your product category, potential inventory obsolescence (especially important for perishable or trend-sensitive products), and your ability to maintain stable financials throughout the financing period.
  • Cost calculations extend beyond basic interest rates: Factor in all fees, potential penalties, and how financing costs will impact product margins. The total cost of financing should make sense within your business model and growth projections.
  • Documentation requirements typically include:
    • Detailed inventory management records
    • Clean financial statements
    • Clear business plans and projections
    • Proof of insurance and inventory controls

Most lenders will also evaluate inventory management practices. Strong systems for tracking, protecting, and reporting on inventory not only improve approval odds but often result in better financing terms.

Selecting the Right Financing Partner

The choice of financing partner significantly impacts both immediate capital access and long-term growth potential. Understanding the different types of partners available helps inform what can be a pivotal decision.

Traditional banks typically offer inventory financing through established programs with rigid requirements. While these inventory lenders might provide competitive rates, their standardized approach often fails to account for the unique challenges CPG brands face in modern retail environments.

Alternative lenders, particularly those specializing in retail and CPG, bring industry-specific expertise to the relationship. The best partners in this category act as value-add debt providers – offering not just capital, but strategic insights on everything from merchandising to scaling operations. For example, Lunr Capital combines financing with decades of retail experience, helping brands navigate critical growth decisions that traditional lenders might not understand.

Online lenders have made financing more accessible through streamlined applications and quick decisions. However, the convenience often comes with higher costs and less strategic support.

When evaluating potential partners, consider:

  • Industry Expertise: Look for partners who grasp retail dynamics and can directly pay manufacturers while understanding your retail payment cycles
  • Support Beyond Capital: The right partner provides data-driven insights through technology platforms and retail expertise
  • Flexibility in Structure: Financing should align with your specific retail commitments and growth trajectory
  • Long-term Potential: Choose a partner invested in your success across multiple growth stages

The most effective partnerships go beyond traditional lender-borrower relationships. Modern financing partners should understand your supply chain dynamics, provide timely funding aligned with production schedules, and offer strategic value throughout your growth journey.

Moving Forward with Inventory Financing

Inventory financing is a crucial tool for CPG brands navigating modern retail growth. When structured properly, it transforms inventory from a capital constraint into a strategic asset, enabling brands to seize opportunities while maintaining operational flexibility.

The key lies in finding the right financing partner – one that combines industry expertise with flexible capital solutions to support long-term success. As the retail landscape continues to evolve, brands that leverage both the financial and strategic benefits of inventory financing are best positioned to scale efficiently and sustainably. For brands ready to explore strategic inventory financing options, Lunr's team of retail experts is here to help navigate the next phase of growth.